A Framework for Analyzing Nonprofit Governance and Accountability Policies and Strategies

This paper presents a framework for analyzing the sprawling topic of nonprofit governance and accountability. It distinguishes various accountability-generating mechanisms and actors, including the unit-level governing board; government policies aimed at shaping the behavior of governing boards; and a broader, natural demand for accountability, generated by an organizations many stakeholders. The aims of these accountability mechanisms and actors also vary, and include the prevention of theft and fraud; the efficient use of resources; the choice of socially valuable goals; and the effective performance of an organization in service of those goals.This publication is Hauser Center Working Paper No. 33.3. Hauser Working Paper Series Nos. 33.1-33.9 were prepared as background papers for the Nonprofit Governance and Accountability Symposium October 3-4, 2006

Vortex Lattice Transitions in Cyclic Spinor Condensates

We study the energetics of vortices and vortex lattices produced by rotation in the cyclic phase of F=2 spinor condensates. In addition to the familiar triangular lattice predicted by Tkachenko for 4He, many more complex lattices appear in this system as a result of the spin degree of freedom. In particular, we predict a magnetic-field-driven transition from a triangular lattice to a honeycomb lattice. Other transitions and lattice geometries are driven at constant field by changes in the temperature-dependent ratio of charge and spin stiffnesses, including a transition through an aperiodic vortex structure. Finally, we compute the renormalization of the ratio of the spin and charge stiffnesses from thermal fluctuations using a nonlinear sigma model analysis

International Normalised Ratio Monitoring in Children: Comparing the accuracy of portable point-of-care monitors to standard of care laboratory monitoring at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital

Background. There is an increasing trend in the use of long-term oral anticoagulation therapy in children. Monitoring the international normalised ratio (INR) is an integral part in management of these patients, but standard laboratory testing of the INR presents challenges in this age group. Point-of-care INR monitors such as the Mission® PT/INR monitor provide advantages in efficiency and accessibility but have not been evaluated for accuracy in the South African paediatric setting. Objectives. This is a feasibility study with the aim to evaluate the accuracy of the Mission® PT/INR Monitor in comparison to standard laboratory INR measurement, in children presenting for INR testing. Methods. We compared the accuracy of the Mission® PT/INR monitor to the Sysmex Cs2100i laboratory analyser in 37 children aged between 1 year and 17 years, who presented for INR testing. The sample size was limited due to time constraints. 40 paired POC INR and laboratory INR values were obtained. Results. The majority of participants in the study were outpatients (62%) and required INR testing as part of screening in non-cardiac disease (81%) - the majority had chronic liver disease, and a minority were on warfarin therapy (13.5%). The mean INR value on the Mission® PT/INR was 1.49 (standard deviation (SD) 0.73) and was comparable to the Sysmex Cs-2100i (mean INR value 1.39 with SD 0.69). The Bland-Altman difference plot revealed good agreement. Bias between the two methods was 0.13 (SD 0.23). In total, 92.5% of POC INR values were within 0.5 units of laboratory INR value. Conclusion. The Mission® PT/INR point-of-care monitor has a clinically acceptable level of accuracy in children when compared with laboratory INR measurement, but larger studies are needed in the paediatric setting to evaluate patient safety and clinical outcomes. There is a need for implementing POC INR monitoring in outpatient settings but this practice will require robust assessment of infrastructure and quality control before application

“Break on Through”: Counterculture, Music and Modernity in the 1960s

This paper examines music and the making of the American counterculture within a wider social context of the modernity and modernism that developed in the period after World War II and would become exhausted by the end of the 1960s. Buffered and emboldened by affluence, the American modernism of the 1960s was characterized by a spirit of innovation and faith in progress, and the counterculture expressed this sense of possibility in its experiments to discover higher states of consciousness and more authentic ways of living. The mediating link between music and the modernist spirit of innovation and progress was youth, in this case a generation raised on the prosperity and promises of post-war America, benefiting from massive state investments in public education as well as a discursive celebration of “youth” as symbol of hope and transformation. Beginning with the free jazz and folk music scenes in New York at the beginning of the 1960s, my analytic focus then moves west to consider the different variations of rock music that emerged from San Francisco and Los Angeles.Cet article analyse la musique et le développement de la contre-culture américaine dans le contexte social plus large de la modernité et du modernisme, entre sa naissance après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale et son épuisement à la fin des années 1960. Le modernisme américain des années 1960 était caractérisé par un esprit d’innovation et de foi en le progrès, et la contre-culture exprimait ce sentiment dans ses expérimentations : la recherche de niveaux de conscience plus élevés, de manières de vivre plus authentiques. La jeunesse était le lien entre la musique et l’esprit moderniste d’innovation et de progrès : une génération qui avait grandi dans la prospérité et les promesses de l’Amérique d’après-guerre, qui bénéficiait des investissements massifs de l’État dans le système éducatif ainsi que de la célébration de sa comme symbole d’espoir et de transformation. Se concentrant d’abord sur les scènes free jazz et folk de New York au début des années 1960, mon analyse se déplace ensuite vers l’ouest, pour considérer les différentes variantes du rock qui émergèrent à San Francisco et Los Angeles

A Sight for Sore Eyes: The Seventh Circuit Correctly Interprets Section 12 of the Clayton Act

In order to hail a defendant into federal court, a plaintiff must establish personal jurisdiction and venue. Under general principles of federal law, personal jurisdiction is proper whenever the defendant would be amenable to suit under the laws of the state in which the federal court sits. And venue is proper in any district where the defendant resides (i.e., is subject to personal jurisdiction). Section 12 of the Clayton Act, however, supplements these general principles. It has a liberal service-of-process provision that allows personal jurisdiction in any federal district court in the nation. But venue is proper only in the district(s) the corporation inhabits, is found, or transacts business. Congress obscurely drafted Section 12, however, and this has raised an important question: if a plaintiff relies on Section 12\u27s nationwide service-of-process provision, must he establish venue under Section 12 as well? Or may he mix and match, relying on Section 12 for personal jurisdiction and 28 U.S.C. § 1391, the general federal statute, for venue? In KM Enterprises, Inc. v. Global Traffic Technologies, Inc., the Seventh Circuit held that Section 12 must be read as a package deal: [t]o avail oneself of the privilege of nationwide service of process, a plaintiff must satisfy the venue provisions of Section 12\u27s first clause. This Comment argues that the Seventh Circuit reached the right result for the right reasons. It argues that Congress\u27s obscure drafting demands a more careful and nuanced analysis. And it notes that Judge Wood\u27s careful reasoning and plain, precise writing is a model for the plain-language reform that the legal profession sorely needs

A Sight for Sore Eyes: The Seventh Circuit Correctly Interprets Section 12 of the Clayton Act

In order to hail a defendant into federal court, a plaintiff must establish personal jurisdiction and venue. Under general principles of federal law, personal jurisdiction is proper whenever the defendant would be amenable to suit under the laws of the state in which the federal court sits. And venue is proper in any district where the defendant resides (i.e., is subject to personal jurisdiction). Section 12 of the Clayton Act, however, supplements these general principles. It has a liberal service-of-process provision that allows personal jurisdiction in any federal district court in the nation. But venue is proper only in the district(s) the corporation inhabits, is found, or transacts business. Congress obscurely drafted Section 12, however, and this has raised an important question: if a plaintiff relies on Section 12\u27s nationwide service-of-process provision, must he establish venue under Section 12 as well? Or may he mix and match, relying on Section 12 for personal jurisdiction and 28 U.S.C. § 1391, the general federal statute, for venue? In KM Enterprises, Inc. v. Global Traffic Technologies, Inc., the Seventh Circuit held that Section 12 must be read as a package deal: [t]o avail oneself of the privilege of nationwide service of process, a plaintiff must satisfy the venue provisions of Section 12\u27s first clause. This Comment argues that the Seventh Circuit reached the right result for the right reasons. It argues that Congress\u27s obscure drafting demands a more careful and nuanced analysis. And it notes that Judge Wood\u27s careful reasoning and plain, precise writing is a model for the plain-language reform that the legal profession sorely needs

“Rewriting the Rules:” Postcolonial Perspectives on Contemporary Young Adult Literature

Literature has long been the foundation of the English Language Arts (ELA) classroom. It is through the reading and exploration of literature that ELA teachers and their students achieve learning objectives and course standards; additionally, it should be a goal of every ELA teacher to present students with literature that they will find engaging, challenging, and enjoyable. When the importance of literature to the ELA classroom is fully considered, it is logical to assume great care should go into the selection of the texts used. There seems, however, to be a tendency for schools to lean back on the same canon of texts that has been used for decades

White Resistance to Public School Integration in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and Prince Edward County Virginia

ABSTRACTWHITE RESISTANCE TO PUBLIC SCHOOL INTEGRATION IN MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN AND PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY, VIRGINIA by Joseph Moore The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2022Under the supervision of Professor Amanda Seligman The white community demonstrated fierce resistance to the Supreme Court’s 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education. The forms of resistance to integrated public schools varied by region, state, and locality. This study aims to compare the forms of resistance to integrated public schools that took place in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and Prince Edward County, Virginia between 1954-1976. I have used historical archival materials to permit comparisons between the types of resistance to integrated public schools in both locations under analysis. Virginia’s political officials played a prominent role in white resistance to integrating public schools. Milwaukee maintained segregated public schools using the neighborhood school system and intact bussing, while Prince Edward County closed its schools. This research demonstrates that while the national spotlight was on the massive resistance that took place in southern regions following the Brown decision, an equally aggressive form of resistance also occurred in northern cities like Milwaukee

Design, Assessment, and Comparison of Antagonistic, Cable-Driven, Variable Stiffness Actuators

This thesis presents the designs and test results for two antagonistic, cable-driven, variable stiffness actuator designs. Each of these variable stiffness actuators is compact, has a large range of controllable stiffness, and limits the inertia at the robotic link it is controlling. Each design consists of a cable running through a set of three pulleys. Tension on the cable displaces a linear spring, which moves along a path designed to achieve quadratic spring behavior. One design uses a variable radius path to achieve the nonlinear elastic behavior while the other uses a fixed radius (lever) path.A quasi-static model of each mechanism was developed to assess the performance of each design in matching the desired nonlinear (quadratic) elastic behavior of the ideal system. Eight geometric parameters of each design were optimized to match the desired behavior. Prototypes of the optimized designs were built and tested to evaluate performance.While the results of the parametric optimization predicted that the variable radius design would more closely match the desired elastic behavior, the added complexity of this design resulted in inadequate performance. Test results for the fixed radius design matched the desired behavior well and ultimately proved to be better for achieving controllable linear stiffness at a robotic joint